构词法是组成单词的一种方法,它有清晰严谨的结构形式,而且有规律可循。利用构词法记忆单词,可以加速记忆、举一反三,简化难词记忆并有效提高推测词义的能力。学生掌握了一定的词源、词根、词缀的知识不仅能迅速扩大词汇量,并且能够利用词根词缀猜测单词的含义。
词根词缀法是把一个单词分解为前缀、词根、后缀三部分,以帮助记忆。例如permission一词中,miss是词根,per是前缀, ion是后缀。per=全部,miss=发射,ion是一个名词后缀,两个词缀和词根共同构成了permission一词,表示“允许”。由此可见考研英语,词根、前缀、后缀是构成单词的三个元素、三个“构件”。词根是主要元素,前缀、后缀是次要元素。由上述例子可以看出,一个英语单词并不是一些豪无意义的孤立的字母的随意排列,而是由一些含有具体意义的词根词缀所构成的有意义的整体。因此,要记忆一个单词,就不能按照一个个字母排列顺序去记,而应按照词根词缀的意义去记。
[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | a-[size=10.5000pt] an-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | not[size=10.5000pt],without否定[size=10.5000pt] | apo1itical不关心政治的;[size=10.5000pt] anonymous匿名的,无名的,不知名的[size=10.5000pt] |
ab-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | away from[size=10.5000pt] | abnormal非正常的[size=10.5000pt] |
a-[size=10.5000pt] ab-[size=10.5000pt] abs-[size=10.5000pt] | 在“[size=10.5000pt]t”“[size=10.5000pt]v”之前[size=10.5000pt] | avoid避免[size=10.5000pt] | abstain弃权,戒;[size=10.5000pt] abstract摘要[size=10.5000pt] |
ant-[size=10.5000pt] anti-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | against[size=10.5000pt],opposite[size=10.5000pt] “反抗”[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] “反”“抗”[size=10.5000pt] | antarctic南极[size=10.5000pt]([size=10.5000pt]的[size=10.5000pt])[size=10.5000pt];[size=10.5000pt] anti-Japanese war抗日战争;antimissile反导弹的;[size=10.5000pt] antisocial反社会的;[size=10.5000pt] antimagnetic防磁的;[size=10.5000pt] antiseptic防腐剂;[size=10.5000pt] antifreezing liquid抗冻剂[size=10.5000pt] |
counter-[size=10.5000pt] contra-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | against[size=10.5000pt],opposite[size=10.5000pt] 反,对应[size=10.5000pt] | counteraction反作用;[size=10.5000pt] contrast对比,对照;[size=10.5000pt] counteract抵抗;[size=10.5000pt] counterattack反攻;[size=10.5000pt] counterpart对手,副本;[size=10.5000pt] counterclockwise逆时针的[size=10.5000pt] |
de-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | away[size=10.5000pt],down[size=10.5000pt],negative离开,分,否定,使低下[size=10.5000pt] | decompose分解;[size=10.5000pt] decompression减压;[size=10.5000pt] degrade使降级;[size=10.5000pt] demobilize复员;[size=10.5000pt] degenerate堕落的;[size=10.5000pt] decay衰败;教育学考研[size=10.5000pt] debase贬低[size=10.5000pt] |
dis-[size=10.5000pt] | 加在名、形、动词前[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt]不[size=10.5000pt] | disadvantage不利,不利条件;disagree不同意[size=10.5000pt] |
dis-[size=10.5000pt] | 加在动词[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]前[size=10.5000pt] | 不再……[size=10.5000pt] | disappear消失;[size=10.5000pt] disarm解除武装;[size=10.5000pt] disconnect分离[size=10.5000pt] |
di-[size=10.5000pt] dif-[size=10.5000pt] dis-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | away[size=10.5000pt],negative[size=10.5000pt] 否定,分开,不[size=10.5000pt] | distrust不信任.怀疑;[size=10.5000pt] disassemble拆开;[size=10.5000pt] divest脱衣,剥夺;[size=10.5000pt] differentiate区分[size=10.5000pt] |
il-[size=10.5000pt] | 加在以“[size=10.5000pt]l”开头的词前[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt]不[size=10.5000pt] | illegal不合法的[size=10.5000pt];[size=10.5000pt] illiterate文盲[size=10.5000pt];[size=10.5000pt] illegitimate非法的[size=10.5000pt] |
im-[size=10.5000pt] in-[size=10.5000pt] ir-[size=10.5000pt] | 加在字母[size=10.5000pt]m[size=10.5000pt],[size=10.5000pt]b[size=10.5000pt],[size=10.5000pt]p之前[size=10.5000pt] | not[size=10.5000pt],in[size=10.5000pt],into否定,加强或引申意义[size=10.5000pt] | impracticable行不通的;[size=10.5000pt] invisible不可见的;[size=10.5000pt] irrational不合理的;[size=10.5000pt] inaccurate不准确的;[size=10.5000pt] irresistable不可抗拒的[size=10.5000pt] |
mal-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | bad[size=10.5000pt],badly恶,不良[size=10.5000pt] | maltreat虐待;[size=10.5000pt] malfunction机能失常;[size=10.5000pt] malcontent不满的;[size=10.5000pt] malnutrition营养不良;[size=10.5000pt] maladminister对……管理不善[size=10.5000pt] |
mis-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | bad[size=10.5000pt],badly错,坏[size=10.5000pt] | mistake错误[size=10.5000pt] |
non-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | not否定[size=10.5000pt] | nonmetal非金属;[size=10.5000pt] nonviolent非暴力的;[size=10.5000pt] nonprofessional无职业的[size=10.5000pt] |
se-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | 分离[size=10.5000pt] | separation分离;secure安全;segregation隔离,分开[size=10.5000pt] |
un-[size=10.5000pt] | 加在形、副、名词前[size=10.5000pt] | not否定[size=10.5000pt] | unpredictable无法预言的;unknown未知的[size=10.5000pt] |
[size=10.5000pt]后[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]缀[size=10.5000pt] | -proof[size=10.5000pt] | 加在名词后[size=10.5000pt] | (adj.)防……的,
[size=10.5000pt] | waterproof防水的;[size=10.5000pt] bulletproof防弹的;[size=10.5000pt] soundproof隔音的;[size=10.5000pt] burglar-proof防盗的[size=10.5000pt] |
[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]时[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]间[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]时[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]间[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]前[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]缀[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]前[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]缀[size=10.5000pt] | 词缀[size=10.5000pt] | 位置[size=10.5000pt] | 意义[size=10.5000pt] | 例词[size=10.5000pt] |
ante-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | before在……之前[size=10.5000pt] | ante-room前厅;[size=10.5000pt] ante-Christian基督降生前;[size=10.5000pt] antecedent先行的,先时的[size=10.5000pt] |
ex-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | 前任的[size=10.5000pt] | ex-president前总统;[size=10.5000pt] ex-premier前总理[size=10.5000pt] |
[size=10.5000pt] fore-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] before前、预先[size=10.5000pt] | foremost最前的;[size=10.5000pt] forecast预测;[size=10.5000pt] forefather前人,祖先;[size=10.5000pt] forehead前额;[size=10.5000pt] foretell预言;[size=10.5000pt] foreground前景;[size=10.5000pt] foresee预见[size=10.5000pt] |
pre-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | before之前[size=10.5000pt] | prehistory史前:[size=10.5000pt] prerequisite先决条件;[size=10.5000pt] prelude序言前奏曲;[size=10.5000pt] pre-election大选前;[size=10.5000pt] prefix前缀[size=10.5000pt] |
pro-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | 预先的[size=10.5000pt] | programme节目单;[size=10.5000pt] prologue序言,序幕;[size=10.5000pt] prophet预言家[size=10.5000pt] |
proto-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | 原始,初[size=10.5000pt] | protohydrogen初氢;[size=10.5000pt] prototype原型;[size=10.5000pt] protoplasm原生质;[size=10.5000pt] protoplast原物,原型[size=10.5000pt] |
post-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | after之后[size=10.5000pt] | postwar战后;[size=10.5000pt] postgraduate研究生;[size=10.5000pt] post-liberation解放后[size=10.5000pt] |
retro-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | back往后的[size=10.5000pt] | retrograde倒退的;[size=10.5000pt] retrospect回顾[size=10.5000pt] |
[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]数[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]字[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]数[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]字[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]前[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]缀[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]前[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]缀[size=10.5000pt] | 词缀[size=10.5000pt] | 位置[size=10.5000pt] | 意义[size=10.5000pt] | 例词[size=10.5000pt] |
hemi-[size=10.5000pt] semi-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]半[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] | hemicycle半圆形建筑;[size=10.5000pt] semiautomatic半自动的;semimechanized半机械化的计算机考研[size=10.5000pt] |
mono-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] one单一[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] | monomotor单发动机;[size=10.5000pt] monowheel单轮[size=10.5000pt] |
uni-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | uniform均匀的;[size=10.5000pt] unicellular单细胞的;[size=10.5000pt] unilateralism单边主义[size=10.5000pt] |
ambi-[size=10.5000pt] amphi-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt]两[size=10.5000pt] 周围[size=10.5000pt] | ambiguous有两个意义的,暧昧的;[size=10.5000pt] amphitheater圆形剧场;[size=10.5000pt] amphibian两栖的[size=10.5000pt] |
bi-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] 二,双[size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt] | bimotor双发动机;[size=10.5000pt] biweekly双周[size=10.5000pt]([size=10.5000pt]刊[size=10.5000pt])[size=10.5000pt];[size=10.5000pt] biyearly两年一次的[size=10.5000pt] |
di-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | dioxide二氧化物;[size=10.5000pt] diode二极管;[size=10.5000pt] |
[size=10.5000pt] tri-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] [size=10.5000pt]三[size=10.5000pt] | triangle三角形;[size=10.5000pt] tripod三角架;[size=10.5000pt] triple三倍的[size=10.5000pt] |
quadri-[size=10.5000pt] quadru-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt]四[size=10.5000pt] | quadruple四倍的;[size=10.5000pt] quadrangle四边形[size=10.5000pt] |
penta-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt]五[size=10.5000pt] | pentagon五角大楼;[size=10.5000pt] pentagram五角星形:[size=10.5000pt] |
centi-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | 百,百分之一[size=10.5000pt] | centimetre厘米[size=10.5000pt](百分之一米[size=10.5000pt])[size=10.5000pt];[size=10.5000pt] centipede蜈蚣[size=10.5000pt](百脚虫[size=10.5000pt])[size=10.5000pt] |
kilo-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt]千[size=10.5000pt] | kilowatt千瓦;[size=10.5000pt] kilometer千米;[size=10.5000pt] kilogram(me)公斤,千克[size=10.5000pt] |
milli-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | 千,千分之一[size=10.5000pt] | millennial千年的[size=10.5000pt];[size=10.5000pt] milligram毫克[size=10.5000pt] |
multi-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | 许多[size=10.5000pt] | multi-coloured颜色多样的,[size=10.5000pt] multi-national多民族的;multiform多种形式的;[size=10.5000pt] multilateral多边的;[size=10.5000pt] multipole多极[size=10.5000pt] |
poly-[size=10.5000pt] | [size=10.5000pt] | 多,复,聚[size=10.5000pt] | polygon多边形;[size=10.5000pt] polyatomic多原子的;[size=10.5000pt] polyphase多相的;[size=10.5000pt] polyunclear多核的[size=10.5000pt] |